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StarMed evidence database
	External clinical evidence can be viewed using the links next to the studies below or by using our online evidence database. The database features studies covering a range of clinical scenarios and each study entry includes a brief summary abstract and further categorisation and tagging so you can search for studies based on their clinical setting, author, journal, date and any key words. We will continue to add new posts as further studies are released - so keep checking for the latest supporting material. Key studies discussing optimal ventilator settings and CO₂rebreathing topics are extensively discussed in our StarMed study portfolio.


Evidence for CaStar hoods used for treatment of COVID-19
		Exhaled air dispersion during noninvasive ventilation via helmets and a total facemask Hui DS, Chow BK, Lo T, Ng SS, Ko FW, Gin T, Chan MT Chest. 2015 May;147(5):1336-43
		Minimise nosocomial spread of 2019-nCoV when treating acute respiratory failure Cabrini L, Landoni G, Zangrillo A Lancet. 2020 Feb 29;395(10225):685
		Feasibility and Physiological Effects of Prone Positioning in Non-Intubated Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure Due to COVID-19 (PRON-COVID): A Prospective Cohort Study Coppo A , Bellani G , Winterton D , Di Pierro M , Soria A , Faverio P, Cairo M, Mori S , Messinesi G , Contro E , Bonfanti P , Benini A , Valsecchi MG , Antolini L, Foti G Lancet Respir Med. 2020 Aug;8(8):765-774
		COVID-19 multidisciplinary high dependency unit: the Milan model Aliberti S, Amati F, Pappalettera M, Di Pasquale M, D'Adda A, Mantero M, Gramegna A, Simonetta E, Oneta AM, Privitera E, Gori A, Bozzi G, Peyvandi F, Minoia F, Filocamo G, Abbruzzese C, Vicenzi M, Tagliabue P, Alongi S, Blasi F Respir Res. 2020 Oct 9;21(1):260
		Helmet CPAP to Treat Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure in Patients with COVID-19: A Management Strategy Proposal Radovanovic D , Rizzi M , Pini S , Saad M , Chiumello DA , Santus P J Clin Med. 2020 Apr 22;9(4):1191
		Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Prone Positioning: A Proposal for an Early Management of COVID-19 Patients Longhini F, Bruni A, Garofalo E, Navalesi P, Grasselli G, Cosentini R, Foti G, Mattei A, Ippolito M, Accurso G, Vitale F, Cortegiani A, Gregoretti C Pulmonology. Jul-Aug 2020;26(4):186-191
		Protecting Healthcare Workers From SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Practical Indications Ferioli M, Cisternino C, Leo V, Pisani L, Palange P, Nava S Eur Respir Rev. 2020 Apr 3;29(155):200068
		The "Helmet Bundle" in COVID-19 Patients Undergoing Non Invasive Ventilation Lucchini A, Giani M, Isgrò S, Rona R, Foti G Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2020 Jun;58:102859

	Evidence for CaStar, CaStar Up, Ventukit and Ventukit Up openable hoods for CPAP therapy
			Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Treatment of Postoperative Hypoxemia. A Randomized Controlled Trial Squadrone V, Coha M, Cerutti E, Schellino MM, Biolino P, Occella P, Belloni G, Vilianis G, Fiore G, Cavallo F, Ranieri VM JAMA. 2005 Feb 2;293(5):589-95
			Early CPAP prevents evolution of acute lung injury in patients with hematologic malignancy Squadrone V, Massaia M, Bruno B, Marmont F, Falda M, Bagna C, Bertone S, Filippini C, Slutsky AS, Vitolo U, Boccadoro M, Ranieri VM. Intensive Care Med. 2010 Oct;36(10):1666-74
			Helmet continuous positive airway pressure vs oxygen therapy to improve oxygenation in community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized, controlled trial Cosentini R, Brambilla AM, Aliberti S, Bignamini A, Nava S, Maffei A, Martinotti R, Tarsia P, Monzani V, Pelosi P. Chest. 2010 Jul;138(1):114-20
			Helmet CPAP vs. oxygen therapy in severe hypoxemic respiratory failure due to pneumonia Brambilla AM, Aliberti S, Prina E, Nicoli F, Forno MD, Nava S, Ferrari G, Corradi F, Pelosi P, Bignamini A, Tarsia P, Cosentini R. Intensive Care Med. 2014 Jul;40(7):942-9
	Evidence for CaStar R Next hood for non-invasive ventilation (NIV)
			New versus Conventional Helmet for Delivering Noninvasive Ventilation: A Physiologic, Crossover Randomized Study in Critically Ill Patients Olivieri C, Longhini F, Cena T, Cammarota G, Vaschetto R, Messina A, Berni P, Magnani C, Della Corte F, Navalesi P Anesthesiology. 2016 Jan;124(1):101-108
			Oronasal mask versus helmet in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure Pisani L, Mega C, Vaschetto R, Bellone A, Scala R, Cosentini R, Musti M, Del Forno M, Grassi M, Fasano L, Navalesi P, Nava S Eur Respir J. 2015 Mar;45(3):691-9
			Comparative evaluation of three interfaces for non-invasive ventilation: a randomized cross-over design physiologic study on healthy volunteers Vaschetto R, De Jong A, Conseil M, Galia F, Mahul M, Coisel Y, Prades A, Navalesi P, Jaber S. Crit Care. 2014 Jan 3;18(2):R2
			Bench comparative evaluation of a new generation and standard helmet for delivering non-invasive ventilation Olivieri C, Costa R, Spinazzola G, Ferrone G, Longhini F, Cammarota G, Conti G, Navalesi P. Intensive Care Med. 2013 Apr;39(4):734-8
			New setting of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist during noninvasive ventilation through a helmet Cammarota G, Longhini F, Perucca R, Ronco C, Colombo D, Messina A, Vaschetto R, Navalesi P. Anesthesiology. 2016 Dec;125(6):1181-1189

	Evidence for CaStar R and CaStar R Up openable hoods for non-invasive ventilation (NIV)
			Comparison of helmet and facial mask during noninvasive ventilation in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled study Özlem ÇG, Ali A, Fatma U, Mehtap T, Şaziye Ş. Turk J Med Sci. 2015;45(3):600-6
			An optimized set-up for helmet noninvasive ventilation improves pressure support delivery and patient-ventilator interaction Mojoli F, Iotti GA, Currò I, Pozzi M, Via G, Venti A, Braschi A. Intensive Care Med. 2013 Jan;39(1):38-44
			Helmet with specific settings versus facemask for noninvasive ventilation Vargas F, Thille A, Lyazidi A, Campo FR, Brochard L. Crit Care Med. 2009 Jun;37(6):1921-8
			Comparison of patient-ventilator interfaces based on their computerized effective dead space Fodil R, Lellouche F, Mancebo J, Sbirlea-Apiou G, Isabey D, Brochard L, Louis B. Intensive Care Med. 2011 Feb;37(2):257-62
			Carbon dioxide rebreathing during non-invasive ventilation delivered by helmet: a bench study Mojoli F, Iotti GA, Gerletti M, Lucarini C, Braschi A. Intensive Care Med. 2008 Aug;34(8):1454-60
			New treatment of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: noninvasive pressure support ventilation delivered by helmet--a pilot controlled trial Antonelli M, Conti G, Pelosi P, Gregoretti C, Pennisi MA, Costa R, Severgnini P, Chiaranda M, Proietti R. Crit Care Med. 2002 Mar;30(3):602-8
			Noninvasive ventilation by helmet or face mask in immunocompromised patients: a case-control study Rocco M, Dell'Utri D, Morelli A, Spadetta G, Conti G, Antonelli M, Pietropaoli P. Chest. 2004 Nov;126(5):1508-15
			Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation with different interfaces in patients with respiratory failure after abdominal surgery: a matched-control study Conti G, Cavaliere F, Costa R, Craba A, Catarci S, Festa V, Proietti R, Antonelli M. Respir Care. 2007 Nov;52(11):1463-71
			Noninvasive ventilation after early extubation in patients recovering from hypoxemic acute respiratory failure: a single-centre feasibility study Vaschetto R Turucz E, Dellapiazza F, Guido S, Colombo D, Cammarota G, Della Corte F, Antonelli M, Navalesi P. Intensive Care Med. 2012 Oct;38(10):1599-606. Epub 2012 Jul 24

	Evidence for CaStar Infant hood for CPAP therapy
			Continuous positive airway pressure with helmet verses mask in infants with bronchiolities: an RCT Chidini G, Piastra M, Marchesi T, De Luca D, Napilitano, Salvo I, Wolfler A, Pelosi P, Damasco M, Conti G, Calderini E Pediatric. 2015 Apri:135(4):e868-75
			Noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure in acute respiratory failure: helmet versus facial mask Chidini G, Calderini E, Cesana BM, Gandini C, Prandi E, Pelosi P. Pediatrics. 2010 Aug;126(2):e330-6
			Continuous positive airway pressure with modified helmet for treatment of hypoxemic acute respiratory failure in infants and a preschool population: A feasibility study Codazzi D, Nacoti M, Passoni M, Bonanomi E, Sperti LR, Fumagalli R. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2006 Sep;7(5):455-60
			Treatment of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure with continuous positive airway pressure delivered by a new pediatric helmet in comparison with a standard full face mask: a prospective pilot study Chidini G, Calderini E, Pelosi P. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2010 Jul;11(4):502-8
			Helmet-delivered continuous positive airway pressure with heliox in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis Mayordomo-Colunga J, Medina A, Rey C, Concha A, Los Arcos M, Menéndez S. Acta Paediatr. 2010 Feb;99(2):308-11
			What are the current indications for noninvasive ventilation in children? Calderini E, Chidini G, Pelosi P. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2010 Jun;23(3):368-74

	Evidence for CaStar Ped hood for NIV therapy
			Noninvasive pressure-support ventilation in immunocompromised children with ARDS: a feasibility study Piastra M, De Luca D, Pietrini D, Pulitanò S, D'Arrigo S, Mancino A, Conti G. Intensive Care Med. 2009 Aug;35(8):1420-7
			Treatment of acute respiratory failure by helmet-delivered non-invasive pressure support ventilation in children with acute leukemia: a pilot study Piastra M, Antonelli M, Chiaretti A, Polidori G, Polidori L, Conti G. Intensive Care Med. 2004 Mar;30(3):472-6

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